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2023-04-10 
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Penicillin's are a group of antibacterial drugs that attack a wide range of bacteria. They were the first drugs of this type that doctors used. The discovery and manufacture of penicillin have changed the face of medicine, as these drugs have saved millions of lives.
People generally attribute the discovery of penicillin to Alexander Fleming. The story goes that he returned to his laboratory one day in September 1928 to find a Petri dish containing Staphylococcus bacteria with its lid no longer in place.
The dish had become contaminated with a blue-green mold called Penicillium notatum. Fleming noted that there was a clear ring surrounding the mold where the bacteria had been unable to grow.
By discovering this mold and recognizing its use, Fleming set the wheels in motion to create one of the most useful drugs in medical history.
In March 1942, Anne Miller became the first civilian to receive successful treatment with penicillin. She narrowly avoided death following severe infection after a miscarriage.
Although Fleming technically discovered the first antibiotic, scientists had to do a lot of work before penicillin could become available for general use.
Scientists with a superior laboratory and a deeper understanding of chemistry than Fleming carried out the bulk of the work. Howard Florey, Norman Heatley, and Ernst Chain performed the first in-depth and focused studies on the drug.
In Fleming’s Nobel Prize acceptance speech, he warned that the overuse of penicillin might, one day, lead to bacterial resistance. This has since become a problem.
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