الوضع الليلي
12:52:55 
2023-06-14 
1064
Davidoff (1988) emphasizes the variation of individuals in their use of problem-solving strategies by presenting the results of Scholman's study, which indicated that the strategies of individuals in their handling of problem-solving tasks vary between the total understanding and awareness of the elements of the problem situation on the one hand, and between the partial treatment of each of these items separately.
(Al-Waqfi - 1984) refers to three types of problem-solving strategies that individuals use to get rid of a problem situation, which is represented by the following behaviors:
1- Trial and error behavior, which includes random solutions without prior planning. It is noted that with increasing the level of difficulty of the problem and the absence of any previous background in the individual on the subject of the problem, the percentage of randomness in the solution increases.
2- Insight: This method constitutes an awareness of the elements of the situation as a whole, which results in a sudden solution to the problem.
3- Progressive inferential analysis. This type of problem-solving strategy is called the method of scientific thinking because it contains a gradual logical analysis of the stages of problem-solving.
As for (Gongne, 1977), he believes that the method of solving the problem is a behavior directed towards a goal in which individuals differ in terms of thinking strategies in solving the problem, and the differences between individuals appear in the way in which the situation of the problem is analyzed into its distinctive elements, and the ability to identify the most important characteristics of Relevancy to the solution, generating ideas and proposals suitable for the solution, and the extent of care in issuing decisions related to the solution.
In order to confirm the topic of different problem-solving strategies, Albeke (1993) refers to a conclusion he reached when he divided several individuals into two groups, where the first group was aware of the topic of the research problem, while the second group lacked this knowledge, with the aim of knowing the most important strategies that the members of the first group follow. And the members of the second group while reaching a solution to the problem, and the results indicated that the members of the first group used positive strategies (closer to scientific logic) more than the second group, in addition to their perseverance in developing strategies that lead to a solution.
Cain (1990) also tried to identify the most important strategies used in solving problems, and found that they range from trial and error strategies, repetition of previous experiences, and strategies based on discovery.
As for Rowe (1985), he worked on developing a classification system for problem-solving strategies consisting of (70) seventy behaviors that can be considered as problem-solving behaviors carried out by different individuals on the same topics, and through which it is possible to measure the repetition of a particular behavior while solving a specific problem.
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