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The steps that the researcher follows in solving the problem involve theoretical assumptions about the mental and behavioral processes that operate during these steps, and the most prominent theoretical trends that explain these foundations in solving the problem are behaviorism, cognitive theory, and the information processing approach.
In the behavioral direction, the solution to the problem depends on the individual's previous experiences and the collected responses that can help him reach the solution, and he may resort to the method of trial and error, in which the responses or attempts that reach the goal are reinforced, and the wrong responses are removed (extinguished) and the behavior of a solution can be learned. The problem is through the operations of procedural conditions based on the concepts of reinforcement, generalization, discrimination, shaping behavior, etc.
As for the cognitive theory, dealing with situations that require solving a problem depends on higher cognitive processes that include clairvoyance and thinking in all its forms. These cognitive structures and attitudes form new cognitive structures that are more adequate in understanding and representing the situation. The process of solving the problem takes place through the continuous modification of the cognitive structures by interacting with the new experience until a solution is reached. As for the information processing curve, it assumes that the human cognitive system, which can be employed in problem-solving type processes, can be described as characteristics that simulate the characteristics of information processing systems, that is, the cognitive system can be described as an information processing system, and one of its most prominent elements is the presence of inputs that come It is usually from the field of external stimuli and is received by sensory organs and outputs are usually sent to the movement organs, but the inputs and outputs are mediated by processes whose function is to process the input information, and the information is processed in major processes such as remembering, perception and thinking in a different way, and the information can be processed in different levels ranging from complex levels Or, the more profound, the problem-solving process becomes the process of information processing.
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