Cancers treated with Progenitor Cell Transplants
المؤلف:
Mary Louise Turgeon
المصدر:
Immunology & Serology in Laboratory Medicine
الجزء والصفحة:
5th E, P461-462
2025-11-04
48
Leukemia
In most types of leukemia, the body produces large numbers of immature white blood cells (WBCs) that do not function properly. Under appropriate conditions, bone marrow trans plantation may be useful in treating certain types of leukemia (Box 1).
Box1. Diseases Treatable by Stem Cell Transplantation
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common type of leukemia in young children but may also affect adults, especially those age 65 years and older. It is a rapidly progressive malignant disorder involving the production of immature WBCs (blasts), which often results in the replacement of normal bone marrow with blast cells. Acute myeloid leukemia, also referred to as non-lymphoblastic leukemia, occurs in adults and children.
Although chronic lymphocytic leukemia most often affects adults older than 55 years, it sometimes occurs in younger adults, but rarely affects children. Chronic myeloid leukemia occurs mainly in adults and affects a very small number of children.
Non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
In Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, cells in the lymphatic system become abnormal. They divide too rapidly and grow without any order or control, and old cells do not die as cells normally do. Because lymphatic tissue is present in many parts of the body, Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma can start almost anywhere. These diseases may occur in a single lymph node, in a group of lymph nodes, or sometimes in other parts of the lymphatic system (e.g., bone marrow, spleen).
For patients with lymphoma, chances of survival depend on the grade and stage of cancer, overall patient health, and response to treatment. Hodgkin’s lymphoma is one of the most curable forms of cancer. Patients diagnosed with stage I disease have more than a 90% chance of living 10 years or longer. Of interest, higher grade aggressive types are more likely to be cured with chemotherapy. Lower-grade lymphoma often can have longer average survival times, with a mean survival of 10 years in some cases. Most children respond well to treatment, even though children tend to have the higher grades of lymphoma. From 70% to 90% of these children survive 5 years or longer (Table 1).
Table1. Estimated 5-Year Survival Rates after Transplantation*
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