Integration
Expansion is a ubiquitous mechanism, but it appears to be crosslinguistically less widespread than integration, whereby two independent sentences, or events, are conflated into one sentence and one of the two turns into a subordinate clause of the other—in accordance with (2b), reprinted here as (17a). We follow Givo̒n (2006) in assuming that the integration of two events tends to entail in particular the features listed in (17b).
(17) Integration
a. S1 + S2 > S1[S2]
b. Features commonly found in event integration
(i) Referential integration: The sharing of referents between the two events.
(ii) Temporal integration: Simultaneity or direct temporal adjacency of the two events.
(iii) Spatial integration: The sharing of the same location between the two events.
(iv) Phonological integration: There tends to be only one intonation contour for the integrated sentence.
Unlike the detailed account of Givo̒n, the present section is restricted to integration as it manifests itself in relative clauses, complement clauses, and adverbial clauses.
