تسجيل الدخول

تسجيل

COMPARISON OF EVIDENCE

المؤلف:  Max M. Houck، Jay A. Siegel

المصدر:  Fundamentals of Forensic Science

الجزء والصفحة:  58

2026-06-20

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COMPARISON OF EVIDENCE

There are two fundamental processes in the analysis of evidence. The first has already been discussed: identification. Recall that identification is the process of discovering physical and chemical characteristics of evidence with an eye toward putting it into successively smaller classes. The other process is comparison. Comparison is done to try to establish the source of evidence. The questioned evidence is compared with objects whose source is known. The goal is to determine whether or not sufficient common physical and/or chemical characteristics exist between the samples. If they do, it can be concluded that an association exists between the questioned and known evidence. The strength of this association depends on a number of factors, including the following:

 • Kind of evidence;

 • Intra- and inter-sample variation;

• Amount of evidence; • Location of evidence;

 • Transfer and cross-transfer;

• Number of different kinds of evidence associated to one or more sources. Individualization occurs when at least one unique characteristic is found to exist in both the known and the questioned samples. Individualization cannot be accomplished by identification alone.