Read More
Date: 20-12-2015
![]()
Date: 1-9-2019
![]()
Date: 23-10-2020
![]() |
The mechanism is catalyzed by the addition of an acid or base. Note! This may speed up the reaction but is has not effect on the equilibriums discussed above. Basic conditions speed up the reaction because hydroxide is a better nucleophilic than water. Acidic conditions speed up the reaction because the protonated carbonyl is more electrophilic.
1) Nucleophilic attack by hydroxide
2) Protonation of the alkoxide
1) Protonation of the carbonyl
2) Nucleophilic attack by water
3) Deprotonation
|
|
هل يمكن أن تكون الطماطم مفتاح الوقاية من السرطان؟
|
|
|
|
|
اكتشاف عرائس"غريبة" عمرها 2400 عام على قمة هرم بالسلفادور
|
|
|
|
|
جامعة الكفيل تقيم ندوة علمية عن الاعتماد الأكاديمي في جامعة جابر بن حيّان
|
|
|