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Vowels STRUT
المؤلف:
Urszula Clark
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
144-7
2024-02-28
1475
+
-
20
Vowels STRUT
As noted above, the WM dialect maintains the typically Northern lack of distinction between STRUT and FOOT, with STRUT typically realized as 
. However, the BCDP data revealed a tendency in more formal styles to produce a more RP-like fudge vowel with 
.
Wells (1982: 363) claims that the Bm FOOT-STRUT opposition is apparently variably neutralised (e.g. as 
), while Hughes and Trudgill (1996: 55) have WM 
. Broad WM accents typically have 
, less broad accents [ə] .Chinn and Thorne (2001: 21) indicate that in Bm, STRUT is typically 
, e.g. in tuck, putt, cud, stud, while Heath (1980: 87) also has 
for Cannock.
In the subset ONE, the WM dialect is typical in having 
that there is a difference in lexical incidence from RP and many other accents as regards this subset, in that parts of the North (including Birmingham, Stoke, Liverpool, Manchester and Sheffield) have 
in one; accents in a more restricted area also have this vowel in once, among, none, nothing.
However, Mathisen (1999: 108) claims that Sandwell actually has 
as the most common variant, for all generations, and especially in words where most Northern varieties have 
. It occurs frequently with the elderly, in all phonetic contexts, and especially before /l/ and 
_ for younger speakers (as the BCDP data also suggest). Mathisen also notes the appearance of fudge-type, closer variants (occasionally even [ə]), especially in disyllables and quite frequently among teenagers in monitored speech. Painter (1963: 30), too, notes a lower rounded vowel: BC /o/, realized as 
.
One salient feature (attested in speech as well as writing) is 
-type realizations (especially before nasals) in Bm <mom> mum; Bm/BC <lommock> lummox, <ackidock> aqueduct, <bost(in’)> bust(ing), Bm chuck (v.) (note chuck may derive from French chuquer, choquer ‘to knock’).
الاكثر قراءة في Phonology
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية
مواضيع ذات صلة
قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)
