Grammar
Tenses
Present
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Past Simple
Future
Future Simple
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous
Passive and Active
Parts Of Speech
Nouns
Countable and uncountable nouns
Verbal nouns
Singular and Plural nouns
Proper nouns
Nouns gender
Nouns definition
Concrete nouns
Abstract nouns
Common nouns
Collective nouns
Definition Of Nouns
Verbs
Stative and dynamic verbs
Finite and nonfinite verbs
To be verbs
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Auxiliary verbs
Modal verbs
Regular and irregular verbs
Action verbs
Adverbs
Relative adverbs
Interrogative adverbs
Adverbs of time
Adverbs of place
Adverbs of reason
Adverbs of quantity
Adverbs of manner
Adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of affirmation
Adjectives
Quantitative adjective
Proper adjective
Possessive adjective
Numeral adjective
Interrogative adjective
Distributive adjective
Descriptive adjective
Demonstrative adjective
Pronouns
Subject pronoun
Relative pronoun
Reflexive pronoun
Reciprocal pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Personal pronoun
Interrogative pronoun
Indefinite pronoun
Emphatic pronoun
Distributive pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
Pre Position
Preposition by function
Time preposition
Reason preposition
Possession preposition
Place preposition
Phrases preposition
Origin preposition
Measure preposition
Direction preposition
Contrast preposition
Agent preposition
Preposition by construction
Simple preposition
Phrase preposition
Double preposition
Compound preposition
Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunction
Correlative conjunction
Coordinating conjunction
Conjunctive adverbs
Interjections
Express calling interjection
Grammar Rules
Preference
Requests and offers
wishes
Be used to
Some and any
Could have done
Describing people
Giving advices
Possession
Comparative and superlative
Giving Reason
Making Suggestions
Apologizing
Forming questions
Since and for
Directions
Obligation
Adverbials
invitation
Articles
Imaginary condition
Zero conditional
First conditional
Second conditional
Third conditional
Reported speech
Linguistics
Phonetics
Phonology
Semantics
Pragmatics
Linguistics fields
Syntax
Morphology
Semantics
pragmatics
History
Writing
Grammar
Phonetics and Phonology
Semiotics
Reading Comprehension
Elementary
Intermediate
Advanced
Teaching Methods
Teaching Strategies
Research background
المؤلف:
Renée Blake
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
502-29
2024-04-12
972
Research background
Researchers have almost exclusively examined the morphosyntactic structure of Bajan in their quest to discover the linguistic origins of the language. Since the 1980s, linguistic research on the Bajan language has focused on the extent to which the language was influenced by the provincial dialects of England and the West African languages spoken by the slave populations. Debates ensued regarding the genesis of Bajan in terms of whether it should be considered a dialect of English or a Creole (similar to other Caribbean Creoles) with linguistic links to West Africa (cf. Hancock 1980; Cassidy 1986; Fields 1995; Rickford and Handler 1994). In the end, historical and synchronic studies of its grammatical structure suggest that Bajan has shown a wide range of linguistic variation throughout its history, with great co-occurrence of features attributable to superstrate (British dialects spoken in Ireland and southwest England), as well as substrate (African) influences (cf. Winford 2000).
The work of Fields (1995) reveals linguistic residues (e.g., invariant word order for questions, absence of number distinction in nouns, invariant pronoun usage) of a pidgin stage for Bajan that appears at least since the 18th century. Fields argues that the social history and demographics of Barbados in the 18th century provided an environment conducive to the formation of a creole from an earlier formed pidgin. Firstly, there was a dominant white planter group and a subordinate slave group with little social interaction between the two. Secondly, there was a period in which blacks vastly outnumbered whites. And thirdly, there was at some point a steady influx of new African slaves onto the island. Due to its extensive contact with English, Bajan has decreolized. One may argue that the language has decreolized to the extent that the range between its most creolized forms and Standard English is the smallest for the Anglophone Creoles spoken in the Caribbean.
الاكثر قراءة في Phonology
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