Grammar
Tenses
Present
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Past Simple
Future
Future Simple
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous
Passive and Active
Parts Of Speech
Nouns
Countable and uncountable nouns
Verbal nouns
Singular and Plural nouns
Proper nouns
Nouns gender
Nouns definition
Concrete nouns
Abstract nouns
Common nouns
Collective nouns
Definition Of Nouns
Verbs
Stative and dynamic verbs
Finite and nonfinite verbs
To be verbs
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Auxiliary verbs
Modal verbs
Regular and irregular verbs
Action verbs
Adverbs
Relative adverbs
Interrogative adverbs
Adverbs of time
Adverbs of place
Adverbs of reason
Adverbs of quantity
Adverbs of manner
Adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of affirmation
Adjectives
Quantitative adjective
Proper adjective
Possessive adjective
Numeral adjective
Interrogative adjective
Distributive adjective
Descriptive adjective
Demonstrative adjective
Pronouns
Subject pronoun
Relative pronoun
Reflexive pronoun
Reciprocal pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Personal pronoun
Interrogative pronoun
Indefinite pronoun
Emphatic pronoun
Distributive pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
Pre Position
Preposition by function
Time preposition
Reason preposition
Possession preposition
Place preposition
Phrases preposition
Origin preposition
Measure preposition
Direction preposition
Contrast preposition
Agent preposition
Preposition by construction
Simple preposition
Phrase preposition
Double preposition
Compound preposition
Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunction
Correlative conjunction
Coordinating conjunction
Conjunctive adverbs
Interjections
Express calling interjection
Grammar Rules
Preference
Requests and offers
wishes
Be used to
Some and any
Could have done
Describing people
Giving advices
Possession
Comparative and superlative
Giving Reason
Making Suggestions
Apologizing
Forming questions
Since and for
Directions
Obligation
Adverbials
invitation
Articles
Imaginary condition
Zero conditional
First conditional
Second conditional
Third conditional
Reported speech
Linguistics
Phonetics
Phonology
Semantics
Pragmatics
Linguistics fields
Syntax
Morphology
Semantics
pragmatics
History
Writing
Grammar
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Teaching Strategies
Sonorants
المؤلف:
John Victor Singler
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
881-49
2024-05-13
989
Sonorants
In LibSE, the sequence VN syllable-internally is frequently realized as i.e. with the nasality transferred to the preceding vowel and the nasal consonant not realized, e.g. /time/ [tã]; however, when the sequence is VNV, the consonant is resyllabified rather than deleted, e.g. timer, [ta.mə]. Also, /l/ is often not present in coda position. Thus, small is realized as [sma], tell as [tε]. That /l/ is present underlyingly is readily demonstrated by the addition of a vowel-initial suffix, which triggers resyllabification of the lateral, i.e. telling [tε.lẽ]. The other liquid, /r/, has disappeared entirely from final and preconsonantal environments. In a few cases where /r/ occurs after a stressed vowel, /r/ and the unstressed vowel that follows it have dropped out. Accordingly, carry is realized as [kε], Merican ‘Settler’ as
. Despite its absence in these environments, /r/ usually does show up in onset clusters, e.g. tree [tri], priest [pris]. However, in words where the syllable preceding the onset cluster is stressed, then the /r/ often goes unrealized on the surface, e.g. secretary [sεkətεri] , cartridge [kɑtɪƷ].
One of the speakers whose interview forms part of the Sinoe corpus had a distinctive velar /r/ like that found in Sierra Leonean Krio. It is not clear whether the speaker’s velar /r/ was idiosyncratic or was instead a relic of a pattern that was more common in the past. In the Sinoe Settler speech community as a whole, the word shrimp has changed to swimp [swIm], a sound change consistent with a velar /r/. An elderly Settler teacher in an upriver settlement in Sinoe, asked if there was any other name for "crawfish," answered, "Yes, swimp [swIm], s-w-i-m-p.”
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