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Date: 18-9-2020
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Date: 20-5-2017
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Date: 18-5-2017
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The Einstein Relation
If we consider the non-uniformly doped semiconductor represented by the energy band diagram shown in Figure 1.1 and assume there are no electrical connections that the semiconductor is in thermal equilibrium, then the individual electron as hole currents must be zero. We can write
Figure 1.1 Energy-band diagram for a semiconductor in thermal equilibrium with a non-uniform donor impurity concentration.
(1)
If we assume quasi-neutrality so that n ≈ Nd (x). then we can rewrite Equation (1) as
(2)
Substituting the expression for the electric field into Equation (2), we obtain
(3)
Equation (3) is valid for the condition
(4a)
The hole current must also be zero in the semiconductor. From this condition we can show that
(4b)
Combining Equations (4a) and (4b) gives
(5)
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"إنقاص الوزن".. مشروب تقليدي قد يتفوق على حقن "أوزيمبيك"
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الصين تحقق اختراقا بطائرة مسيرة مزودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
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العتبة العباسية المقدسة تطلق النسخة الحادية عشرة من مسابقة الجود العالمية للقصيدة العمودية
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