Bohr's Model of the Atom

By 1913, the evolution of our concept of the atom had proceeded from Dalton's indivisible spheres idea to J. J. Thomson's plum pudding model and then to Rutherford's nuclear atom theory. Rutherford, in addition to carrying out the brilliant experiment that demonstrated the presence of the atomic nucleus, also proposed that the electrons circled the nucleus in a planetary type motion. The solar system or planetary model of the atom was attractive to scientists because it was similar to something with which they were already familiar, namely the solar system.

Figure 1 : Niels Bohr with Albert Einstein at Paul Ehrenfest's home in Leiden (December 1925).

Unfortunately, there was a serious flaw in the planetary model. It was already known that when a charged particle (such as an electron) moves in a curved path, it gives off some form of light and loses energy in doing so. This is, after all, how we produce TV signals. If the electron circling the nucleus in an atom loses energy, it would necessarily have to move closer to the nucleus as it loses energy and would eventually crash into the nucleus. Furthermore, Rutherford's model was unable to describe how electrons give off light forming each element's unique atomic spectrum. These difficulties cast a shadow on the planetary model and indicated that, eventually, it would have to be replaced.

In 1913, the Danish physicist Niels Bohr proposed a model of the electron cloud of an atom in which electrons orbit the nucleus and were able to produce atomic spectra. Understanding Bohr's model requires some knowledge of electromagnetic radiation (or light).

مواضيع ذات صلة

تسمية المركبات الجزيئية Molecular Compounds

تسمية المركبات الأيونية Ionic Compounds

تسمية المركبات Naming Compounds

صيغ المركبات الأيونية Formula of Ionic Compounds

الصيغ الأولية Empirical Formulas

الصيغ الجزيئية Molecular Formulas

الأيونات Ions

الجزيئات Molecules

الجدول الدوري The Periodic Table

العدد الذري وعدد الكتلة والنظائر Atomic Number, Mass Number and Isotopes

النيوترون The Neutron

البروتون والنواة The Proton and the Nucleus