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Vowels and diphthongs happY
المؤلف:
Joan Beal
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
126-6
2024-02-26
1630
+
-
20
Vowels and diphthongs happY
The unstressed vowel at the end of words in this set varies between tense and lax realizations in northern dialects. Dialects with what Wells (1982: 255–256) terms “happY-tensing” include those of the North-east, Liverpool and Hull. Elsewhere in the North, lax realizations of this vowel as [I] or [ε] are heard. In the happy-tensing areas, the realization may be [i] or even long [i:]. Perhaps because the tense vowel is found throughout the South and Midlands and in RP, both Hughes and Trudgill (1996: 57) and Wells (1982: 258) describe this as a southern feature, which has spread to certain urban areas in the North. However, a closer examination of 18th century sources reveals that the tense vowel was found both in the North-east and in London, suggesting that this is not such a recent innovation in these dialects (Beal 2000b). In all the northern happY-tensing areas, the lax vowel is a shibboleth of the neighboring dialects: it marks the difference between Teesside and Yorkshire, Humberside and West Yorkshire, and Liverpool and Lancashire. In every case, it is the lax variant which is stigmatized. For example, young, middle-class women in Sheffield, which is on the border of the North and the Midlands, are increasingly using either a more tense variant or a compromise diphthong 
, perhaps in order to avoid the stigmatized Yorkshire [ε].
الاكثر قراءة في Phonology
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية
مواضيع ذات صلة
قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)
