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Vowels FOOT
المؤلف:
Peter Trudgill
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
166-8
2024-03-04
1343
+
-
20
Vowels FOOT
The FOOT vowel 
was rather more frequent in the older East Anglian dialect than in General English (Wells 1982). Middle English 
and /ou/ remain distinct in the northern dialects e.g. road /ru:d/, rowed /rΛud/ . However, there has been a strong tendency in East Anglia for the /u:/ descended from Middle English 
to be shortened to 
in closed syllables. Thus road can rhyme with good, and we find pronunciations such as in toad, home, stone, coat 
. This shortening does not normally occur before /l/, so coal is /ku:l/. The shortening process has clearly been a productive one. Norwich, for example, until the 1960s had a theatre known as The Hippodrome 
, and trade names such as Kodachrome can be heard with pronunciations such as 
. The feature thus survives quite well in modern speech, but a number of words appear to have been changed permanently to the /u:/ set as a result of lexical transfer. Trudgill (1974) showed that 29 different lexemes from this set occurred with 
.
The vowel 
also occurs in roof, proof, hoof and their plurals, e.g. 
. It also occurs in middle-class sociolects in room, broom; working-class sociolects tend to have the GOOSE vowel in these items.
In the older dialect, a number of FOOT words derived from Middle English /o:/ plus shortening followed the same route as blood and flood and had /Λ/ : soot, roof /sΛt , rΛf/ .
الاكثر قراءة في Phonology
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية
مواضيع ذات صلة
قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)
