

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
Cultural issues and schools
المؤلف:
Sue Soan
المصدر:
Additional Educational Needs
الجزء والصفحة:
P3-C3
2025-03-28
700
Cultural issues and schools
Culture is dynamic, active, changing, always on the move. Even within their native contexts, cultures are always changing as a result of political, social and other modifications in the immediate environment.
(Nieto, 1999)
Regarding bilingual learners. However, it was decided to look at cultural issues and bilingualism separately, because, although they are interlinked in daily working terms, it is felt that due to busy working environments it is all too easy to ‘forget’ the importance of really understanding the diverse backgrounds that many learners in our schools now present.
It is first of all important to recognize that the majority of schools and hence educators have traditionally functioned in a way that reflects society’s main cultural group’s social values and ideologies. An example of this is reported by Wright et al. (2000) who wrote that one teacher felt that black children were so different from her that she didn’t know how to deal with them.
Such antiquated views are probably not unusual. They are part of a cultural and historical legacy which continues not only because many of the teachers in our schools have had very little contact with ethnic difference in both their upbringing and training, but also because they continue to have little if any knowledge of their students’ lives outside of school. (Wright et al., 2000, in Blair, 2001: 7)
It is perhaps time to recognize that many of the practices schools have traditionally relied upon are no longer the best or most appropriate because of the number of learners who are now linguistically and culturally outside this main cultural group. Consequently it is important to look again at many of the ‘traditional’ aspects of schooling so that educators can be properly informed, enabling appropriate responses to be achieved for all their learners within their community. It is hoped that the information presented here will initiate discussion and ideas so that daily practices can be re-examined to ensure that the needs of all the learners, whatever their cultural background in whatever educational setting, are met.
Discussion
Before reading further briefly write down what you think the term culture means to you. Do you feel that your own understanding of culture may influence your practice within the educational setting in which you work?
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قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)