

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
Recognizing motor difficulties
المؤلف:
Sue Soan
المصدر:
Additional Educational Needs
الجزء والصفحة:
P158-C11
2025-04-22
755
Recognizing motor difficulties
Working for the first time in a unit for learners with Moderate Learning Difficulties (MLD) twelve years ago, I struggled to understand why they could not make good progress with their reading and writing, despite small group and individual working and a large number of resources. I could not accept that these lively and frequently well-motivated learners could neither learn nor be taught. At the age of seven they still desperately wanted to learn and be successful, but every time they felt they ‘failed’, a little more of their self-esteem and self-confidence was eroded away, leaving opportunities for behavior difficulties and lack of effort to gain footholds. This refusal to be professionally beaten started a search for answers that is still continuing to this day.
While observing these pupils with learning difficulties, it became very clear that many of them also had a motor difficulty. It was almost as if the physical problems were actually ‘blocking’ the development of their cognitive knowledge and skills, their social interaction skills and their emotional maturity. As an educator I began to recognize that sitting these learners down at a desk all day writing and reading was not actually what they needed to help them learn. As Russell (1993: 13) says:
If you have a locked door in your house and the key to that door has been lost, the greater the variety of keys you can collect to try to unlock the door, the more chance there is of finding one which will work.
During PE lessons I saw that these children did not have the ability to carry out many early gross motor physical skills, such as the ability to stand on one foot, to skip, to hop, to walk backwards (or even forwards!) in a straight line, to be able to catch a large ball and even to be able to move their heads without the arms moving with them. Hence the search for literature and programs to solve these difficulties commenced. However, it was the children’s progress once pro grammes were put into action that really reinforced the need for this type of learning to be included in their curriculum.
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