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Grammar

Tenses

Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous

Past

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous

Past Simple

Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous

Passive and Active

Parts Of Speech

Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective

Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pre Position

Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition

Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

Interjections

Express calling interjection

Grammar Rules

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Semantics

Pragmatics

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics

Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced

Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Problems and possible solutions

المؤلف:  Cathy S.P. Wong

المصدر:  Enhancing Teaching and Learning through Assessment

الجزء والصفحة:  P13-C1

2025-05-24

162

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Problems and possible solutions

One of the concerns shared by a number of staff members in using the SOLO taxonomy is the problem of reliability and consistency. There is some conceptual ambiguity inherent in SOLO's structure which "makes categorization unstable along with the problem of low inter-rater reliability" (Chan et al., 2002, p.512). In fact, when the SOLO taxonomy was first adopted by the English Department, staff members were already aware of this issue of inter-rater reliability. Attempts have been taken to tackle this problem. It has been agreed that parity meetings would be held among teachers periodically during the semester. The purpose of these meetings would be to discuss sample scripts of students' work so as to achieve a fair application of the criteria. Comments from colleagues about this procedural measure indicate that in addition to the parity meetings stipulated for individual subjects, such meetings should also be held at a departmental level because parity across subjects is also needed.

 

A related problem is the mapping of the criteria onto the specific assessment tasks of the different subjects. Some staff members felt that the criteria should be more refined or more elaborate in order to suit different subjects and different tasks. This is similar to the findings reported in Chan, Tsui, Chan and Hong (2002). They also criticize the assessment criteria of the SOLO taxonomy as being vague. However, if the SOLO taxonomy is meant to be applicable across a wide variety of disciplines, it is bound to be general and hence "vague". Lake (1999) has demonstrated how the structure of the complexity of understanding can be effectively transformed into a template to be applied to the teaching of interpreting graphs and tables in biological sciences. There is no reason why this cannot be accomplished for other subjects.

 

This problem can only be solved by candid sharing among staff members of their experience in adapting the taxonomy to their respective subjects and to specific assignment tasks. The accumulation of good practices and examples of the application of the SOLO taxonomy thus becomes crucial. This should be administered at the departmental level so as to build a resource base available for staff.

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