

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
Aligning Teaching and Assessment: The Key to Greatly Improved Graduate Quality and Sustainable Teaching Efficiency
المؤلف:
Rob Cowdroy & Anthony Williams
المصدر:
Enhancing Teaching and Learning through Assessment
الجزء والصفحة:
P89-C9
2025-06-14
638
Aligning Teaching and Assessment: The Key to Greatly Improved Graduate Quality and Sustainable Teaching Efficiency
The background is a history of failure of institutions to achieve sustainable objectives in the four dominant agenda areas of relevance of content, graduate quality, economy of teaching costs, and student satisfaction (Harman & Meeks, 2000). Formal reviews of programs and cross-sectional and linear studies of teachers and students in a wide range of disciplines including architecture, engineering, law, medicine and the sciences, in universities in Australia, Netherlands, Belguim, France and Canada have indicated that nearly all attempts at reform have been piecemeal "top-down" interventions under the general banner of "quality assurance" and have failed, and that now there is a growing perception that institutional quality assurance interventions are, instead, causing quality failure.
The reviews and research referred to here have been undertaken collaboratively by a multidisciplinary consortium of specialists in curriculum development, professional development and educational psychology in Australia, Canada, and the Netherlands (although space is insufficient to allow inclusion of specific research data).
Attempts at reform have mostly been uncoordinated interventions in only one operative component of the teaching cycle (curricula, teaching or assessment) at a time. As indicated below, however, any change in one component creates a flow-on change in relation to the other two, and if the changes are not coordinated, then a negative quality syndrome is inevitable, with catchup changes in each until critical failure occurs, followed by enforced intervention. For example, institutional pressures for achieving increased higher-learning abilities (on the one hand) and for competency-based assessment (on the other hand) are incompatible almost to the point of being mutually exclusive in terms of quality assurance and efficiency.
The thrust is a new paradigm representing a coordinated strategic framework that aligns the three operative elements of higher education for optimum effectiveness in relation to all four agenda items simultaneously.
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