

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
Portfolio assessment
المؤلف:
Winnie Cheng & Martin Warren
المصدر:
Enhancing Teaching and Learning through Assessment
الجزء والصفحة:
P203-C18
2025-07-05
536
Portfolio assessment
An important feature of online Pragmatics and Intercultural Communication which epitomizes OCLA is portfolio assessment, which contributed 60% towards the final subject grade. The primary aim of the portfolio-based tasks was for the students to show their understanding of and to consolidate the concepts taught in the units of the WebCT learning materials and to show their ability to apply what they have learned to real-life situations, through analyzing naturally-occurring data using pragmatic and intercultural communication theories, making suggestions to improve communication in those contexts, and reflecting on and discussing their experience in applying pragmatic theories in real world contexts. The secondary aim was for the students to learn and work in groups through critically reviewing and discussing the peers' data analyses and giving them useful feedback for improvement. Group work, which tends to be less popular among students due to its greater demands on initiative, time and dependence on others, has been found to be effective in online courses when group work is integrated with assessment and examinations (Mason, 2001).
Throughout the semester, students worked online in groups of four completing assignments from which they compiled a portfolio. The portfolio was individual work. Students could work on as many unworked examples included in each unit as they wished. They posted the drafts of their work online to show their group members, who would read them and give critical feedback on the appropriacy of analyses and interpretations and so generate further discussion.
Figure 3 shows a typical forum discussion task in Pragmatics through which students show effective application of subject knowledge.
Figure 4 shows a task in Intercultural Communication.
At the end of the course, each student finalized the discussed examples in each unit and selected finalized examples to go into the portfolio, justifying their inclusion. Reeves and Okey (1996) have found that when students make decisions on the content of a task, a project or an exercise, their motivation and acceptance of the assessment will be increased because the students feel a sense of ownership of a task, and this in turn can strengthen the authenticity of an assessment.


Another piece of work to include in the individual portfolio is a reflective text about online collaborative learning and assessment experiences. To summarize, the portfolio contained:
1. A selection of finalized assignments with related group discussions.
2. Evidence that peer discussions and reviews were fed into the students' revisions of their assignments. (If peer input was not incorporated, the rationale for this had to be clearly explained).
3.Evidence of students taking part in critically discussing and reviewing the draft assignments
posted by group members; and
4. A reflective text with high quality (200-250 words) based on the experience of online collaborative learning and assessment.
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