

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
The LOTA approach
المؤلف:
Chris Dillon & Catherine Reuben & Maggie Coats & Linda Hodgkinson
المصدر:
Enhancing Teaching and Learning through Assessment
الجزء والصفحة:
P284-C24
2025-07-22
443
The LOTA approach
A major challenge was in introducing LOTA ideas to the academic community. Timescales for change in the OU are long. Faculty course teams work largely independently during the 2-3 year production period of a course and it can be difficult to inject new ideas into the course development process. With long production and presentation cycles (OU courses are typically designed to be presented for 6 years, with an interim review, before they are withdrawn, re-written or replaced), new ideas can take a long time to work their way into the system.
Another factor was that academic change in the OU is largely a bottom-up process. The OU has a strong tradition of academic autonomy in terms of designing and producing innovative distance teaching materials. The approach adopted was to focus on changing 'hearts and minds' rather than attempting to force change through. Three main components of the LOTA approach were:
• Establishing a team drawn from across the University comprising staff (including senior academics) from all the faculties and schools to act as 'champions' of the ideas with their academic colleagues.
• Involving the 'champions' in setting up links within their faculties and working with course teams (often ones with which they were already academically involved) to explain and embed LOTA ideas.
• Carrying out, with the support of the champions and course teams, audits to identify the main learning outcomes in courses1, and to explore how the assessment supported the stated outcomes.
There were several significant advantages to this approach:
• The team met monthly over a period of three years and provided a rare opportunity for colleagues from different academic disciplines to come together to talk about learning and teaching at an institutional rather than a faculty or departmental level.
• It made a 'safe' space in which talk to colleagues about learning and teaching, particularly the pros and cons of current approaches, was legitimated. The meetings came to be seen by the team as a uniquely valuable experience2.
• Open and supportive discussions with colleagues from other academic areas provided opportunities to share ideas and information widely, and to learn about where synergies existed across the University that might otherwise not have been evident.
• Workshops, pilot projects and other academic resources supporting LOTA were planned within the group, and then taken forward in ways appropriate to the different academic areas. Academic staff development was, therefore, initiated and mediated by known and trusted individuals within each faculty, not by outsiders.
1 OU courses have a six-year life so most courses had not been designed with learning outcomes and their assessment in mind. All new courses now have stated outcomes and associated assessment strategy.
2 In other research (Dillon et al., 2005) we have found similar 'safe environments' to work well for students in encouraging them to raise awareness of and recognize their own learning and skills.
الاكثر قراءة في Teaching Strategies
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