

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
Conclusion: Challenging Linguistic Inequities in Multilingual School Communities
المؤلف:
Tara Goldstein
المصدر:
Teaching and Learning in a Multilingual School
الجزء والصفحة:
P124-C7
2025-10-01
309
Conclusion: Challenging Linguistic Inequities in Multilingual School Communities
My mother does not know the discomfort of trying to speak English all day, everyday. She is in Hong Kong where she can speak Cantonese. Some days my mouth, my cheeks, my lips, my throat hurt. When my mother tells me, "I want you to speak English" she thinks only of the doors that might open. Not the doors that close. An English-only policy will close doors for those of us who speak other languages. Unable to say what we would like to say in English, some of us will remain silent. An English-only policy also closes doors for those of us who want to practice speaking other languages with students who already know them well.
[From Hong Kong, Canada]
In the last scene of my play, Hong Kong, Canada (Appendix A), English teacher, Ms. Diamond, holds a school hearing so that she can better understand the variety of student views on multilingualism at her school. A petition for an English-only policy has been signed by a small group of students at the school and Ms. Diamond is trying to find out what is behind their desire to eliminate the use of languages other than English. At the same time, Ms. Diamond wants to find out why other students feel that multilingual practices serve their best interests. In the quotation that opens this conclusion, the character of Wendy uses the metaphor of opening and closing doors to articulate her thinking on the issue. In her mind, an English-only policy closes doors for students who speak languages other than English.
Like the characters in Hong Kong, Canada, the students and teachers at Northside grappled with the politics of language use at their school. As mentioned in the Introduction, the staff at Northside were expected to follow the guidelines set forth in the school board's 1995 Language for Learning Policy, which accepted student multilingualism at school. Although all the teachers we spoke to supported and shared the Language for Learning Policy's goal of setting ESOL students up for academic success, not all of them shared the policy's assumption that the best way to do this was by accepting institutional student multilingualism. In this short conclusion, I summarize the different ways the Learning for Policy was received at Northside by examining the ways particular assumptions underlying the policy were both embraced and contested by teachers and students. I also return to an important purpose of this critical teacher education text, and dis cuss the question of whether or not a language policy that promotes student multilingualism is able to effectively challenge educational linguistic inequities facing ESOL students in schools like Northside.
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