

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
Communication and Adults with Learning Disabilities INTRODUCTION
المؤلف:
ALAN RANDLE
المصدر:
Caring for People with Learning Disabilities
الجزء والصفحة:
P23-C2
2025-10-06
298
Communication and Adults with Learning Disabilities INTRODUCTION
The purpose is to provide a fundamental understanding of some of the main issues concerning communicating with service users who have learning disabilities. Service users with learning disabilities are not all the same and may communicate in a variety of ways. Adults with learning disabilities are not a homogeneous group of people who all need to be treated in a similar fashion. ‘Disabilities, just like abilities, occur on a continuum and it is just as unhelpful to put all disabled people in the same category as it is to classify all able-bodied people as one’ (Marks 1999, p. 121). Therefore, it is important to have an understanding of communication and the processes involved in order to discover how this will be beneficial when communicating with adults with learning disabilities, as their ability to communicate will vary in the same way as with anyone else.
This topic is divided into several sections. The first section deals with what communication is. This section will provide a definition of ‘communication’ and outline one of the basic models of communication. ‘Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication’ forms the second section, which briefly explores descriptions of language and discusses in more detail non-verbal communication; this is sometimes called body language. The third section addresses ‘Factors Influencing Communication’ and outlines some of the many factors that can cause difficulties when communicating or interacting with people with learning disabilities. The fundamental issue of ‘Ending and Breaks in Communication/Therapeutic Relationships’ is articulated in the fourth section. This section touches on the sensitivity required when finishing a communicative encounter with a service user in an appropriate manner. This leads on to the fifth section: ‘Anti-Discriminatory Practice’. This section covers how communication can be discriminatory and considers how attempts should be made to be aware of this and address discrimination wherever possible.
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