

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
CURRENT POSITION OF ADULTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES
المؤلف:
DEBRA FEARNS
المصدر:
Caring for People with Learning Disabilities
الجزء والصفحة:
P56-C4
2025-10-09
282
CURRENT POSITION OF ADULTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES
The reality for many adults with learning disabilities is a life with limited choice, rights, independence or inclusion – the four key principles at the heart of Valuing People (Department of Health 2001b). This state of affairs puts many adults with learning disabilities in a vulnerable position, as they are dependent on family, carers and professionals to help them live their lives. This can lead to potential vulnerability, as an adult with a learning disability is reliant on the honesty, integrity and professionalism of those caring for him/her. Alongside this is the difficulty that adults with learning disabilities may have in making their needs and wishes known, and in being heard, listened to and understood by families, carers and professionals (Department of Health 2001b):
‘People with learning disabilities are amongst the most socially excluded and vulnerable groups in Britain today. Very few have jobs, live in their own homes or have real choice over who cares for them. Many have few friends outside their families and those paid to care for them. Their voices are rarely heard in public. This needs to change.’
(Department of Health 2001b, p. 14)
Whilst there may have been key changes made in the delivery and provision of some services that support adults with learning disabilities, the reality is that this has had little impact on overcoming obstacles that relate to social exclusion and access to services, facilities, housing and employment. This continued exclusion adds to the vulnerable position that many adults with learning disabilities find themselves in.
Emerson and Malam (2005) carried out a national survey of adults with learning disabilities and their families, in England. This survey highlights that adults with learning disabilities are often socially excluded. 43 per cent stated that they had been bullied at school; 32 per cent stated that they did not feel safe in either their homes, their locality, or whilst using public transport; and 32 per cent also stated that someone had been rude or offensive to them in the last year, because they had a learning disability. Worryingly, 9 per cent stated that they had been the victim of crime in the preceding year.

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