

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
FEET
المؤلف:
FRANK GARVEY AND JACKY VINCENT
المصدر:
Caring for People with Learning Disabilities
الجزء والصفحة:
P126-C8
2025-10-20
275
FEET
Flat foot (pes planus) is seen in the vast majority of adults with Down’s syn drome. In mild cases, the heel is in a neutral position. In severe cases, the heel rotates so that the person is walking on the inside of the heel. Flat feet result in heavy calluses of the feet, pointing of the front part of the feet away from each other (the opposite of being ‘pigeon-toed’), and even the creation of bone spurs in the feet. Many cases respond to orthotics, but severe cases need surgical correction.
Metatarsus primus varus (MPV) is also commonly seen in adults with Down’s syndrome, and is the condition in which the front part of the foot behind the big toe bends inward. This creates an obvious deformity of the foot, making the task of finding shoes that fi t more difficult. If the condition exists for long enough, a painful irritation called a bunion appears at the spot where the foot bends in the most. Mild or early cases of MPV may be treated with orthotics or special shoes, but severe cases require surgical correction.
In these situations, it is important to ensure that adults with Down’s syn drome have properly fitting shoes that do not rub and chafe the skin, and that foot care is of high priority for carers and students. Often, this is a neglected area, but regular care and assessment by a podiatrist will improve an individual’s quality of life.
GROWTH
Adults with Down’s syndrome are of characteristically short stature compared with the general population and need to have Down’s syndrome specific growth charts employed to reference growth. Excessive weight-to-height ratios are frequently observed in adults with Down’s syndrome, which affect general mobility, especially in the presence of a musculoskeletal abnormality.
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