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Analytical methods for anions

المؤلف:  Sue Jickells , Adam Negrusz (Editors)

المصدر:  Clarkes Analytical Forensic Toxicology

الجزء والصفحة:  114

2026-09-27

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Analytical methods for anions

The systematic analysis of anions in body fluids presents a major analytical challenge. Historically, the main approach was the analysis of stomach contents and scene residues using classic colorimetric methods of analysis (Yeoman 1985). Many anions are unstable and undergo rapid breakdown in the stomach and gut after absorption. The analysis of metabolites and various hydrolysis products in blood or urine using modern methods is not well described. In some cases, the investigation of poisoning caused by anions that are oxidising agents (e.g. chlorates) is best carried out by measurement of changes in blood chemistry, such as the formation of oxidised haemoglobin (methaemoglobin).

The development of analytical techniques such as ion chromatography to separate and measure anions in biological fluids is in its infancy. A number of methods have been developed for use by the water industry. Classic analytical chemical methods (colour tests) may still be applicable for cases in which stomach contents or scene residues are available. ETAAS and ICP-MS have been used for the quantitative determination of boron, and ICP-MS has also been used for the quantitative determination of bromide ions and phosphorus (from aluminium phosphide). Ion-selective electrodes are also available for various anions. The reader is referred to Moffat (2004) for details of the various analytical methods available for anions.