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Date: 11-1-2019
807
Date: 16-12-2018
918
Date: 30-12-2018
1191
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If the outer valence electrons are not near the nucleus, it does not take as much energy to remove them. Therefore, the energy required to pull off the outermost electron is not as high for the elements at the bottom of the group since there are more energy levels. Also, the high ionization energy makes the element appear non-metallic. Iodine and astatine display metallic properties, so ionization energy decreases down the group (At < I < Br < Cl < F).
Halogen | First Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) |
---|---|
Fluorine | 1681 |
Chlorine | 1251 |
Bromine | 1140 |
Iodine | 1008 |
Astatine | 890±40 |
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حل سحري لخلايا البيروفسكايت الشمسية.. يرفع كفاءتها إلى 26%
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جامعة الكفيل تحتفي بذكرى ولادة الإمام محمد الجواد (عليه السلام)
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