Cardinal vowel 8, [u]

Now start to say a word that begins with a [w] sound, such as ‘wet’. Hold the [w] sound silently, and reflect on your tongue. The back of the tongue is raised up towards the velum (or soft palate). Suck air in vigorously, and you should feel that the back of the tongue and the rear part of the roof of the mouth go cold and dry. The lips are pursed: you may need to purse them a bit more, as if you were about to blow out a candle, or as if holding a pen in your mouth. This is close to cardinal vowel 8 (CV8), [u].

Another way to approach this vowel is to whistle the lowest note possible, hold that posture, and then try to produce a vowel.

This vowel is cardinal vowel 8 (CV8), [u]. It has a close (or high) and back tongue position; and it is made with rounded lips. English does not really use this vowel sound, although very conservative varieties of both RP and General American come close to it. If you use it in words like ‘soon’, ‘cool’ or ‘rude’, you will probably sound very ‘posh’, ‘conservative’ or ‘old fashioned’. In any case, do not be tempted to think of the sound of words like these as ‘CV8’: the English versions of this vowel are much too front for CV8.

Now move silently back and forth between [i] and [u]. The backward and forward movement of the tongue should give you a sense of the back–front dimension.