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performance (n.)
المؤلف:
David Crystal
المصدر:
A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics
الجزء والصفحة:
357-16
2023-10-24
1527
+
-
20
performance (n.)
A term used in LINGUISTIC theory, and especially in GENERATIVE GRAMMAR, to refer to LANGUAGE seen as a set of specific UTTERANCES produced by NATIVE-SPEAKERS, as encountered in a CORPUS; analogous to the SAUSSUREAN concept of PAROLE. It is opposed, in this sense, to the idealized conception of language known as COMPETENCE. The utterances of performance will contain features irrelevant to the abstract RULE system, such as hesitations and unfinished structures, arising from the various psychological and social difficulties acting upon the speaker (e.g. lapses of memory), or from biological limitations (such as PAUSES being introduced through the need to breathe). These features must be discounted in a grammar of the language, which deals with the systematic process of SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION. The possible implication of this view, that performance features are unimportant, came to be strongly criticized, and the factors which contribute to performance grammars are now of considerable interest, especially in PSYCHOLINGUISTICS.
A technique used in PHONETICS whereby aspiring practitioners of the subject are trained to control the use of their VOCAL ORGANS so as to be able to produce the whole range of human speech sounds. The correlative technique of discriminating and identifying sounds is known as EAR-TRAINING.
الاكثر قراءة في Syntax
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية
مواضيع ذات صلة
قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)
