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projection (n.)
المؤلف:
David Crystal
المصدر:
A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics
الجزء والصفحة:
390-16
2023-11-02
1462
+
-
20
projection (n.)
A term used in GENERATIVE LINGUISTICS to characterize the capability of a GRAMMAR to extend the analysis of any given set of SENTENCES so that it applies also to the potentially infinite number of sentences in the LANGUAGE as a whole. The main means of doing this is the generative RULE. In some MODELS of generative grammar, a more restricted sense is found: projection rules are established as part of the SEMANTIC COMPONENT, their function being to assign a semantic INTERPRETATION to each STRING of FORMATIVES generated by the SYNTACTIC component.
A central principle of GOVERNMENT-BINDING THEORY is the projection principle, which projects the properties of LEXICAL entries on to the STRUCTURE of the sentence. It states that the SUB-CATEGORIZATION requirements of lexical items must be satisfied at all levels of REPRESENTATION. It eliminates the need for rules combining lexical items with their COMPLEMENTS, and requires a TRACE to be left when a complement is removed. The extended projection principle requires that all sentences must have a subject. In X-BAR syntax, phrasal projections (or bar projections) refer to the different types of phrasal expansion of any word-level category: a SINGLE-BAR projection into a ‘small’ X-bar phrase, and a DOUBLE-BAR projection into a ‘large’ X-double-bar phrase. All full phrases (e.g. AP, NP, PP) are maximal projections – levels above which the properties of the lexical entries for the HEADS have no influence. In a later development, IP and CP are viewed as extended projections of V, and DP and PP as extended projections of N. In the grid and bracketed-grid theories of METRICAL PHONOLOGY, ‘projection’ refers to the introduction of a new line in the grid.
الاكثر قراءة في Syntax
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية
مواضيع ذات صلة
قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)
