Grammar
Tenses
Present
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past
Past Simple
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Future
Future Simple
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous
Parts Of Speech
Nouns
Countable and uncountable nouns
Verbal nouns
Singular and Plural nouns
Proper nouns
Nouns gender
Nouns definition
Concrete nouns
Abstract nouns
Common nouns
Collective nouns
Definition Of Nouns
Animate and Inanimate nouns
Nouns
Verbs
Stative and dynamic verbs
Finite and nonfinite verbs
To be verbs
Transitive and intransitive verbs
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Regular and irregular verbs
Action verbs
Verbs
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Relative adverbs
Interrogative adverbs
Adverbs of time
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Adverbs of quantity
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Adverbs of affirmation
Adverbs
Adjectives
Quantitative adjective
Proper adjective
Possessive adjective
Numeral adjective
Interrogative adjective
Distributive adjective
Descriptive adjective
Demonstrative adjective
Pronouns
Subject pronoun
Relative pronoun
Reflexive pronoun
Reciprocal pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Personal pronoun
Interrogative pronoun
Indefinite pronoun
Emphatic pronoun
Distributive pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
Pronouns
Pre Position
Preposition by function
Time preposition
Reason preposition
Possession preposition
Place preposition
Phrases preposition
Origin preposition
Measure preposition
Direction preposition
Contrast preposition
Agent preposition
Preposition by construction
Simple preposition
Phrase preposition
Double preposition
Compound preposition
prepositions
Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunction
Correlative conjunction
Coordinating conjunction
Conjunctive adverbs
conjunctions
Interjections
Express calling interjection
Phrases
Sentences
Grammar Rules
Passive and Active
Preference
Requests and offers
wishes
Be used to
Some and any
Could have done
Describing people
Giving advices
Possession
Comparative and superlative
Giving Reason
Making Suggestions
Apologizing
Forming questions
Since and for
Directions
Obligation
Adverbials
invitation
Articles
Imaginary condition
Zero conditional
First conditional
Second conditional
Third conditional
Reported speech
Demonstratives
Determiners
Linguistics
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Phonology
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Elementary
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Assessment
Word meaning and radial categories Summery
المؤلف:
Vyvyan Evans and Melanie Green
المصدر:
Cognitive Linguistics an Introduction
الجزء والصفحة:
C10-P355
2026-01-18
35
+
-
20
Word meaning and radial categories Summery
In this chapter we have introduced the approach to lexical semantics that has been developed by cognitive semanticists: cognitive lexical semantics. This approach treats the polysemy exhibited by lexical items (words) as a psychologically real conceptual phenomenon. Lexical items are viewed as conceptual categories, structured with respect to a prototype. A consequence of treating word senses as conceptual categories is that the theory of word meaning assumed within cognitive semantics is motivated by independent evidence from psychology. Lakoff (1987) proposes a radial category model for the representation of word meaning which reflects empirical facts relating to word meaning, particularly with respect to polysemy and prototype structure. While Lakoff’s approach has been extremely influential, not least because he was one of the first scholars to propose that lexical items should be modelled as conceptual categories, his approach has also faced criticism. In particular, his highly ‘granular’ model may not be psychologically valid and may underplay the role of context in determining word meaning. Furthermore, Lakoff’s approach has been criticised for lacking a rigorous methodology for determining when a sense is conventionalised (stored in semantic memory) and when a meaning is inferred on-line as a result of contextual information. A recent approach that has addressed these concerns is the Principled Polysemy framework proposed by Evans and Tyler. Finally, we saw in more detail how contextual factors of various kinds, as described by Cruse, serve to modulate word meaning. Thus word meaning involves a complex interaction between polysemy, context and encyclopaedic knowledge.
الاكثر قراءة في Linguistics fields
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية
مواضيع ذات صلة
قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)
