SUBJECT – VERB – LOCATIVE COMPLEMENT (Cloc)
Other intransitives of the following types typically require a Complement of place, direction or destination to complete their meaning. Location in space is extended to include location in time:
• Location in place or time: be, stand, live, lie, remain
• Movement + manner of movement: walk, run, stroll, crawl, fly
The National Theatre stands near the river.
The amusement park is just over there
She is lying in a hammock.
We walked home.
The soldier crawled under the wire fence.
We can compare this verb lie, meaning to be in a prone position, with lie, a ‘pure’ intransitive, meaning to tell lies: He is lying in a hammock vs He is lying.
We can also contrast uses of the same verb, such as run, which can occur either as a pure intransitive in the answer to How does Tom keep fit? – He runs, or with a Goal Complement in He runs to the bus-stop every morning.
Note that, for brevity, the term Cloc is used to encompass both Locative and Goal meanings.
