The consonants of IndE

Stops

Out of the stops P, T, K, B, D, G, it is only the former three that show different realizations. Firstly, the voiceless stops are not aspirated in the syllable-initial position in IndE. This may be because aspirated voiceless stops are phonemic in North Indian languages, and the relatively weakly aspirated allophones of P, T, K in BrE are either not noticed or not associated with the phonemic aspirates of North Indian languages. Secondly, T, and D tend to be retroflexed as in the words certificate  and London .