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The Turbine Water Wheel

المؤلف:  GEORGE A. HOADLEY

المصدر:  ESSENTIALS OF PHYSICS

الجزء والصفحة:  p-140

2025-11-09

580

is another, more important, machine for utilizing the pressure of a column of water. The well-known form of lawn sprinkler which throws water in small streams from holes in one side of each of four revolving arms, is a simple reaction turbine. The rotation is produced by the reaction of the air and the difference in pressure on the opposite sides of the tube. A jet of water directed against the paddles of a paddle wheel so as to make it rotate by the force of the impact would illustrate the principle of an impulse turbine. Both principles are used in turbine water wheels, which are made in various forms.

At Niagara Falls water goes from the vertical penstock into the central part of a horizontal wheel and passes outward between fixed guides, G, Fig. 2, which direct it against the vanes V attached to the rotating part of the wheel. The motion may be produced either by the impact upon V in the direction of the heavy arrow, or by the reaction as the water leaves the wheel in the opposite direction. The wheel rotates a vertical shaft connected with the dynamo at the top of the wheel pit (Fig. 1).

In another type of turbine, the water enters the outer part of the wheel through fixed guides, and leaves the inner part through moving vanes.

FIG.2